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Conjunctivitis, commonly known as pink eye or eye flu, is a very common eye infection. Though it usually isn't serious, it can spread easily and make the eyes painful and red. Let's take a closer look at this widespread but contagious eye condition.
What is Conjunctivitis?
Conjunctivitis is an inflammation or infection of the transparent membrane (conjunctiva) that lines your eyelids and covers the white part of the eye. This inflammation causes the conjunctiva to become red and swollen. There are different causes of conjunctivitis which determine if it is viral, bacterial or allergic.
Viral conjunctivitis is highly contagious and usually affects one or both eyes. It is usually caused by adenoviruses and sometimes causes symptoms like watery discharge from the eye, itching, redness and a gritty feeling in the eye. Bacterial conjunctivitis tends to be more serious and may require antibiotic eye drops or ointment. It can be caused by bacteria like staphylococci and streptococci. Allergic conjunctivitis happens when the eyes come into contact with allergens like pollen, dust, or animal dander. Symptoms include itching, watering, and redness of the eyes.
Symptoms of Conjunctivitis
The most common symptoms of conjunctivitis include pain, redness, swelling, discharge, tearing, and sensitivity to light. The eye may feel strange, gritty, or scratchy while blinking. Discharge from the eyes is usually watery in viral conjunctivitis, thick and white or yellow in bacterial conjunctivitis, and clear in allergic conjunctivitis. Sometimes the eye lids can get stuck together after sleep due to thick discharge.
Diagnosis and Treatment
A doctor can usually diagnose conjunctivitis by examining the eyes. They will check for symptoms such as redness, discharge, and crust around the eyelids. Sometimes tests are needed to determine the exact cause which will guide treatment options.
Viral conjunctivitis is usually mild and clears up in a week or two without treatment. Cool, clean compresses and artificial tears may relieve discomfort. Antibiotics drops or creams are given for bacterial conjunctivitis. Allergic conjunctivitis may require antihistamine eye drops and avoiding allergens. Eye drops and creams should be used as prescribed even if symptoms improve to avoid reinfection or recurrence.
Prevention of Spread
Conjunctivitis is highly contagious. To prevent the spread of the infection:
- Wash hands frequently, especially after touching or rubbing the eyes. Hands can transfer the infection to other places.
- Avoid touching, rubbing or pinching the eyes with unwashed hands.
- Do not share towels, facecloths, pillows, eye makeup or contact lenses with an infected person.
- Disinfect any surfaces contaminated by fluids from the eye such as tissues.
- See a doctor for evaluation and treatment. Prompt treatment prevents complications and spreading to others.
- Isolate infected kids from school or daycare until 24 hours after treatment starts or discharge clears up.
- Practice good personal hygiene. Wash hands, shower daily and keep living areas clean.
When to Seek Medical Attention
See an eye doctor without delay if conjunctivitis symptoms are severe, prolonged or worsening despite home treatment. Care should also be sought for conjunctivitis in infants less than 3 months old. Other signs that warrant a prompt medical evaluation include:
- Increased eye pain and sensitivity to light.
- Vision changes or blurred vision.
- Discharge that looks thick, sticky or contains pus.
- Swelling of the eyelids making it hard to open eyes.
- Fever, headache or generalized body aches along with eye infection.
In conclusion, conjunctivitis or pink eye tends to get better on its own but often recurs without proper treatment. With care, rest and medication as advised by the doctor, most cases of conjunctivitis can be effectively managed. However, it's important to take necessary precautions to avoid passing the infection to others. Seeking prompt medical help for serious or persistent symptoms prevents complications.
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